Thursday, February 19, 2015

Claire Arrives in South Dakota!

2/19/15

Food

It is the middle of February and for the first time this winter, it is consistently cold.  Claire has finally joined me at the cabin.  These first several days have been spent unpacking and adjusting to cabin life.  This includes preparing dishes with no running water and being creative with the limited food we have.  Claire brought an entire box filled with different kinds of spices and seasonings.  These tasty additions make even the blandest dish (rice, for example) taste absolutely wonderful! 


Bread

It is nice to have bread on hand, so instead of buying loaves from the store we bake our own.   Currently, we have four loaves of white bread in the freezer and take them out when needed.  We intend to restock the freezer with wheat and rye bread when the white runs out.  Obviously, this summer we will not have electricity to store mass amounts of bread.  Instead, baking will have to happen more frequently and in a Dutch oven.  Until then, we will use the luxury of an electric stove and a freezer to bake a variety of goods.  Within the three days Claire has been here, we have baked our own pizza crust, whole wheat bread bowls, rye and apple muffins, and cinnamon rolls.  The muffins and rolls were added to our freezer collection and will be of used for desserts and breakfasts down the road.     
  
Whole Wheat Bread Bowls


Veggie Pan Pizza



Sawhorse Construction

As Claire and I sit in front of our wood burning stove, we page through books about carpentry, construction, and tiny homes.  As we read and understand more, we begin to get a better understanding of what these next several months will be like and this makes us excited.  So excited that out of nowhere, we decide to begin our first building project together.  Currently, we make all of our cuts on the tailgate of the truck and we know if we are going to build a tiny home we need something more reliable.  Thus, with plans my Dad sent us in the mail, we begin to construct a sawhorse.  The plan called for two 2” by 4” by 12’s and one 2” by 4” by 10’.  We are running out of scrap lumber, however, the leftover wood from a loft my Dad build for me as a child will do just fine.  After a five minute lesson on how to use a circular saw, Claire is already making perfect cuts.  She’s a natural.  We make 11 cuts in the pole shed and then move to the garage to put all the pieces together.  After three and a half hours of cutting, hammering, and double checking, we have one sturdy, blue sawhorse.  We hope to build the other sawhorse during the weekend to come.  Ideally, the weather will warm up because as we found out, building anything in subzero temperatures is not fun.    





Fun on the Farm


Although most days are below zero with a nasty wind, Claire and I try to take a walk every day.  Misty loves this of course but I would argue that Claire and I love it more.  It is a time for us to get away from the cabin, to enjoy nature, and to be at peace.  Yesterday, we drove 10 miles to Fordam dam, a public hunting and fishing area with vast grasslands, large eastern red cedars, and a lake.  It was negative two degrees outside with a much colder wind chill but it didn’t matter.  The beauty of the orange, setting sun, the wisdom of the old prairie trees, and the expanding sea of grasses was enough to keep our minds occupied.  At least until we couldn’t feel our fingers.  


           

Monday, February 9, 2015

Work and Play

Week 2: 2/2 – 2/9

After I published the first blog post last Monday, I made several more errands in Clark.  First, I went to town hall and got the paper work required to become a resident of South Dakota.  Once Claire and I become residents we can purchase hunting and fishing licenses.  I also picked up a water testing kit to ensure that the well water at the cabin is safe to drink.  I will mail the water sample to Pierre, South Dakota next Monday.  From town hall I walked to the hardware store where I dropped off a list of materials (mostly lumber) in hope of a quote.  I am eager to return to town and find out how much our tiny home will cost to build.  To finish my visit, I stopped at the post office and registered our address with the United States Postal Service.  Now all I have to do is build a mailbox and we should be able to receive and send mail!

When I returned home that evening, I received a phone call from one of my brothers, Mateusz, telling me that he had suddenly gotten work off and was heading my way as we spoke.  Yes!  Company!  I know I’ve only spent five days alone but it’s nice to have a friend to talk too.  The moon was almost full that night and it lit up the fields like it was daytime.  I couldn't resist.  Misty and I walked through the grasses for two hours while awaiting Mateusz.  We have several owls that live on property.  One of them is a barred owl and as I stood still in a moonlight drenched field, I heard it.  “Wo-wo-wo-woooooo”.  I called back to the best of my ability.  To my surprise, it responded!  For the next five minutes, I had an incredible conversation with an owl.  However, this conversation was cut short by the sound of the rumbling engine of my brother’s car.

Mailbox Memories

My brother is finally here and he comes prepared with a Native American flute, Frisbees, and a couple of items I forgot to bring.  However, despite his company, I still need to build my mailbox.  Mateusz is good with his hands and has some experience with carpentry so he happily offered to help.  This was my first time building something from scratch and I was a little nervous.  
The main post is simply two, two by fours screwed together.  The arm that extends from this post (also two, two by fours screwed together) will hold the mailbox 42 inches above the ground (required height).  There is a two by four in between the arm and the post that ensures support.  I made two 45 degree cuts in this small piece of lumber and it turned out okay.  I’m still new to working with power saws and sometimes it can be difficult to make a straight cut with my Dad’s old circular saw.





After all the pieces were assembles, it was time to apply a coat of varnish and stain to protect it from rain and snow and to make it aesthetically pleasing.  Once the stain had dried, we attached the mailbox to the post with fasteners.  After churning our own cement from a concrete mix, we placed the completed mailbox in a five gallon bucket, made sure it was level, and poured the cement in.  Just like that, Claire and I can now receive and send mail.  The mailbox is not perfect by any means but it was a good starter project.  Two days later I received my first letter from my Dad.  Thank you Mati for all of your help and advice! 

Applying a coat of stain and varnish

Mati and me standing next to the new mailbox


The Old Barn
There is a parcel of land 30 miles from the cabin that is home to an old horse barn.  It is falling apart but there is a fair amount of good lumber left inside and it is my intention to salvage some of it.  When Mati and I arrived, the first thing that caught my eye were four large support beams that were dangling from the ceiling in an old room.  These beams were doing nothing in terms of supporting the barn so we knocked them down, I pulled the nails out, and we loaded three of them into the bed of the truck.  I hope to return for the fourth soon.  I’m not certain what Claire and I will use these for but I have a feeling they will be useful at some point.  I also tried to use a nail puller to pry free some of the lumber from one of the horse stalls.  After pulling out four nails, everything seemed to be going smoothly.  On my fifth nail, the teeth of the cast iron nail puller snapped off!  I guess it’s too cold outside to be using these old tools.   

     
Two years ago in the spring, my cousin Michael, my friend Phil, and I spent several days clearing the green ash that had grown up the side of the barn.  We took the logs back to the cabin and left the branches to dry inside the barn.  It just so happens that I am currently running low on kindling and the dry ash branches that reside in the barn are just what I need.  While I stood in the barn breaking branches and making piles of kindling, Mati found his way up an old windmill.  This flimsy, metal structure stands 30 feet above the ground and of course, my brother is on top of it!  To finish an awesome day at the barn, Mati, Misty, and I went for a long walk through the cattails that surround the property.  When we returned, I cleaned out the wood shed and stocked it full of dry kindling!

Mati climbing an old windmill

                       Walking through the cattails after working it the barn            
 Photo Credit: Mateusz Fischer

     Cleaning out the wood shed      Photo Credit: Mateusz Fischer

Frisbee and Fun

Both of my brothers and I have always been fascinated with Frisbees and whenever we see each other, throwing a disc is usually the first thing we do.  The wind on the prairie is constant and this allows me to throw to myself for hours on end.  However, nothing compares to tossing with another human.  On Mati’s last day of his visit, it was 45 degrees in the shade with little wind.  In other words, we tossed a Frisbee the entire day.  To end this beautiful day, we traveled to a nearby parcel of land that sits on a lake.  As the sun set, we played flute in the grasses, launched long throws across the icy lake, and tried to keep Misty from visiting the fishermen.  It was the perfect end to a wonderful visit.

                      Sunset over the lake with Native American flute in the background    
 Photo Credit: Mateusz Fischer

Photo Credit: Mateusz Fischer



Aquaponics  
It is now time to start making adjustments to the plants growing in my system.  My brother mentioned cutting back the oregano so it can branch out.  Two days after I cut the main stem, the plant already sent up three new shoots.  I tried cutting back the mint and all of the chives and I got the same result.  It amazes me how fast these plants are growing.  I guess that’s the fish poop at work!  Now I have fresh chives and oregano to add to my dinner and fresh mint to add to my eggs and tea in the morning.  I also added a sugar snap pea seedling to the tank.  Hopefully, this plant will one day produce delicious peas for Claire and me to munch on.  

Breakfast: 2 eggs and mint tea

Dinner: chives, oregano, onion, carrots, quinoa, and peanut butter
  



 Planting Our Future
When I was child, one of my most vivid memories was exploring my parent’s vegetable garden, searching for peas, beans, tomatoes, and whatever else I could eat.  I will never forget the first time I tried a freshly picked bean from a plant that my parents grew.  It was so satisfying for me as a kid, I can only imagine how rewarding it was for my parents who put in the hard work.  I want to eat locally and organic for the rest of my life but I found this almost impossible living as a student.  With no money and no time, I was only able to grow my own lettuce.  Now I have an opportunity to teach myself, work with the soil, and respect the land that has fed me my entire life.  Only this time, I have the chance to grow the food my own way. 

This summer, Claire and I intend to keep a garden in order to supply ourselves with fresh produce.  The garden will not be planted until May and we will have to wait even longer before we can harvest fruits and vegetables.  We didn’t want to wait that long for fresh greens, so Claire and I invested in 19 different types of organic seed, 20 pots, two bags of potting soil, one bag of vermiculite, one bag of peat moss, and individual planting cells.  After two week of living here, I now have seedlings of the following:  Yellow pear tomatoes, Martino’s roma, red salad bowl lettuce, tre’s fine maraichere, spinach, Amish deer tongue lettuce, jalapeno peppers, bull nose bell peppers, lemon balm, Swiss chard, and sugar snap peas.  I planted three seeds per cell and as the seedlings poke through the soil, I am able to thin out all but the best.  The thinned lettuce seedlings are a great addition to any meal.  The sugar snap peas are the only seedlings big enough to be moved into individual pots or into the fish tank.  



During college I purchased a pressure sprayer for $10.  It was the best $10 I have ever spent.  If you want to get into growing your own food indoors, I would highly recommend one of these.  You can adjust the nozzle to several spray settings and the locking trigger allows you to spray with ease.  It’s great for starting plants from seed and for spraying existing foliage.

Pressure sprayer

Watering a newly planted sugar snap pea


I am also experimenting with micro-greens.  These are small sprout like plants that only grow to be several inches tall.  I have sunflower and pea micro-greens.  I have tried both types before and one little sprout tastes exactly like the fruit of the plant.  For example, a sunflower micro-green tastes exactly like a sunflower seed!  The seeds are planted on top of an inch of soil and are supposed to be ready for harvest after 7-10 days.  I’m personally having trouble getting them to grow.  Many of the seeds I planted sprouted and died soon after or didn’t sprout at all.  The ones that survived look good but it has been 15 days since I planted them and they are still not ready to pick.  I planted several trays and am eager to see what becomes of them.

My cousin Michael helping me plant sunflower micro-greens

Sunflower micro-greens after 15 days


In all honesty, I planted way too many seeds.   I wanted to compare the affects of temperature, lighting, water, and environment (yes I sing to my plants) amongst different plants.  Thus, every window in the cabin and the garage has some sort of plant growing in it.  In the end, my goal is to have 20 plus pots full of edible plants.  If things continue as they have been, Claire and I should have multiple raised beds of lettuce by the end of March and tomatoes, peppers, herbs, and peas by the end of April.  All inside the comfort of our home!   For now, we are relying on the micro-greens for fresh produce. 



This week has been absolutely wonderful.  The visit from my brother reminds me of my family and like always we had many adventures under the sun (and the moon for that matter).  My plants are growing, my stomach is full of soup, bread, and rice, and the weather is phenomenal.  The only thing missing is Claire.  However, only six more days until we are reunited!  I’m in the midst of constructing sawhorses and raised beds out of old two by fours and I hope to complete them before I see my wonderful lady.  Until next time, peace and love.     

                                          The moon setting                                    
Photo Credit: Mateusz Fischer

                       Misty picture of the week                    
Photo Credit: Mateusz Fischer

                      Sunrise                    
 Photo Credit: Mateusz Fischer
   

Monday, February 2, 2015

Witnessing Spirit: Connor Fischer



Our friend Rivka visited us at Stevens Point this fall and talked to Connor about our plans, hopes, and fears for our projects this spring and summer in South Dakota. Rivka (Reb Ayeka) is a wonderful artist and Hebrew Priestess-in-training, having just moved from Minnesota to Berkeley CA to develop her ritual and healing arts practices. She is working at the Starr King School for the Ministry in Berkely and co-creating a CA chapter of the MN-based art-for-social-change nonprofit Face Forward.
Here is a link to her blog: https://witnessingspirit.wordpress.com/

Adjusting to Cabin Life

Week 1: 1/23-2/2 

The first two days of being alone were spent cleaning, organizing, and getting use to the daily routine.  On the third day, my cousin Michael, who is in med school at the University of South Dakota, drove up for a visit!  In the three days he spent with me we climbed trees, watched sunsets, hiked through the prairie grass under a blanket of stars, and had great conversations about life.  He was extremely generous and drove me to Watertown, SD where we had a hot meal and saw a movie.  He is now gone but should be back within the next several months.

Watching the sunset from a cottonwood with my cousin Michael
Aquaponics

In high school I bought a 20 gallon aquarium starter kits and kept fish in it for about three years.  When I moved away for college it was packed away in a box and left in my parent’s basement.  During my last semester at school, I toured Growing Power in Milwaukee for one of my classes.  Their simple, yet productive aquaponic system was outstanding.  The idea of using fish poop to feed plants and using plants to clean the water amazed me.  And then it dawned on me.  I have a fish tank, I like growing plants, and I need a way to feed Claire and myself next summer.  Why not try to make my own aquaponic system?  So I tried (I am still trying I might add). 

My tank has a Top Fin 20 pump (nothing special) that uses carbon filters to clean the water.  Because I want the fish poop and nutrients, I decided to replace the filter with crushed porous rock from a fish store.  I’m not even sure if this does anything but the idea is that there is still some filtration happening.  I also have a small air pump that puts oxygen into the water.  I used a water conditioner to make tap water safe for fish and then I let the system run for a month without anything in it.  After that month was up, I added one goldfish ($0.30).  I only added one to make sure it would survive.  After a couple days, it looked happy so I added six more.  I also added a snail to keep the glass clean. 


On that same day I added my plants!  I had previously taken cuttings from Claire’s oregano and mint plants and let them sit in water.  I had also taken several chives from our friends Logan and Leiloni and placed them in water as well.  I filled small pots with rocks and planted one cutting per pot.  As seen in the picture below, my Dad and I made a pot holder out of ½ inch plywood that rests on the edges of my tank.  I put a coat of varnish on to protect the wood from the constant moisture.  This pot holder keeps the bottom inch of each pot submerged in water.  There are four extra holes that are meant for tomatoes and peppers.

The pot holder we made for my tank

It’s now been one month since I added the seven fish and I am now down to six.  All four plants (oregano, mint, and two chives) have rooted and started growing.  The mint seemed to explode with life as soon as I put it in the water.  It now has a foot of white roots growing down into the tank.  The oregano was slow at first but is now sending up new stems and leaves.  The chives have been steady the entire time.  I keep a grow light (really just a 32 watt compact fluorescent bulb in a bed side lamp) on at night which seems to help.  The tank sits on my workbench in the cabins garage which I keep heated to 65 degrees.  I am eager to see if the plants continue to grow and if my new seedling will work the same.

My 20 gallon aquaponic system

This project cost me $40 (the startup kit was $100) and my only future costs will be fish food and a couple more dollars tacked on to the utility bill.  



I spent my weekend reading and walking.  Friday was sunny and there was no wind so Misty and I drove to a parcel of land close to town and went for a two hour walk.  We scared up two hens and Misty found a deer shed!  I was able to talk to Claire for a whole hour and it was simply wonderful.  I am reading the book “Tom Brown’s Field Guide to Nature Observation and Tracking” and this weekend I am taking his advice and acting like a child.  Instead of walking on two legs during my walks, I crawl through the grasses and the cattails on all fours.  This changes my perspective of things and allows me to see like Misty does.  The grasses seem like trees and there are pheasant, deer, and rabbit tracks hidden beneath.




This week I am expecting a visit from my brother Mateusz and our other family dog, Mocha.  Now that I have settled into the cabin lifestyle, my goal this week is to start building things from scrap lumber and salvaged barn lumber (I have to go salvage it first).  Tune in next week to see my progress!

      

Introducing the Cabin


Well it’s official.  Like my Father and his Father before him, I live in South Dakota.  However, instead of living in a city or a small town, I am living in the country.  My home is a two bedroom cabin that sits on a 160 acre parcel of land.  90 of these acres is agricultural land which yields corn and soybeans (this year is corn).  The other 70 acres is restored prairie land and a shelterbelt consisting of cottonwood, elm, hackberry, box elder, ash, and plum thickets.  The front of the cabin faces south and looks over a tall sea of grass.  I am 10 miles away from the nearest town and go there once a week to access the internet, buy milk and eggs, and to get good enough cell service to talk to Claire.  Speaking of which, I’m sure some of you are wondering why she is not here with me.  For those of you who don’t know, Claire and I are getting married this September and weddings take a lot of planning.  Claire has agreed to stay with her parents until February 14th and help her Mom get as much done for the big day as possible.  I simply could not wait.  Nine days ago, on January 23rd, my Dad drove me out to the cabin and two days later said goodbye and good luck. 

The Cabin
160 acre quarter

   
These three weeks alone would be incredibly difficult if I didn’t have one of my family’s dogs, Misty!  Misty is most likely a black Labrador, Husky mix with endless energy and a free spirit.  The home I grew up in has a four foot chain link fence surrounding the backyard.  Unless Misty is attached to a chain, she can jump that fence without a running start.  From there, she leaps around the suburban neighborhoods of Minneapolis until she is ready to come home (usually 4-6 hours).  Because of this, there was no doubt in my parent’s minds that she would be living with Claire and me at the cabin.  Here she can run, jump, and hunt all day if she pleases and on nice days she’s doesn’t come inside from breakfast to dinner.  She is 11 years old and has more energy than I do!  It feels good to have a loyal friend during this time of solitude. 

Misty on a walk

The cabin is not much different from an average American home.  There is a kitchen with a refrigerator, stove, and oven, two bedrooms, book shelves, a sofa, and a one car garage.  However, there are a few aspects that are different. 

Water

First, there is no running water.  There is a well about 100 feet from the cabin but the water is not entirely safe to drink.  When the cabin was first built, a water sample was sent to a lab and they identified high amounts of sulfides.  From my understanding, this isn’t particularly bad for you but if you’re not use to it you may experience diarrhea until your body adjusts.  Unfortunately, the results of this test have been lost, so I’m going to send another sample in soon just to be safe.  Until then, I am drinking water from town that I store in five gallon jugs.  I do use well water to shower (more on that later), wash dishes, and water plants.  The kitchen sink always has one jug of well water and one jug of drinking water. 

Me filling up a jug from the well

This is my sink set up.  On the left is drinking water and on the right is well water



Heat

Winters here are not quite as harsh as Minnesota winters in terms of temperature and snow, however, the ongoing wind makes it seem worse.  The cabin has electrical heating but also has a wood burning stove.  To save money, I keep the heat off and the fire stoked!  I keep the cabin at around 70 degrees during the day and around 60 degrees during the night.  It’s more work to heat the place this way but I enjoy knowing that my heat is coming from the trees on the land and my hard work.  Most of the wood remaining in the wood shed is either cottonwood or ash.  I use the bark from the cottonwood as a fire starter and the ash as the primary fuel. 


Showering

In a corner of the garage there is a curtain, a drain, and a shower head that hooks up to a hose.  This is my shower.  Because the cold temperatures could freeze the water in the hose, I’m not able to use the shower head quite yet.  For now, a five gallon bucket and a plastic bowl do just fine.  When Claire gets here, we’ll heat up water on the stove to make it a little more enjoyable for her but I’ve always enjoyed the shock of cold water so I just use water directly from the well.  I shower about once a week. 

The shower

Toilet

As you can see in the picture below, the outhouse is a short walk from the front door.  Of course, this walk always seems longer at 3:00 a.m. when the wind is blowing 30 mph.  Luckily, it has the option of electrical heat which I keep on low during the winter.

From the front door to the outhouse

Pole Shed


 On property, there is a pole shed that is home to a tractor which helps us manage the restored prairie.  This will be the place where Claire and I spend much of our time building our tiny home (more on this when Claire moves out).  

Pole Shed

Canning and Bulk Foods


Canning
Claire and I intend to live with minimal electricity this summer which for us mean no refrigeration.  We spent the last several years teaching ourselves how to dry fruits, vegetables, and herbs.  However, we've always wanted to expand our knowledge in preserving food, thus, we decided to give canning a try!  We purchased a 23 quart pressure canner from the internet and while I visited Claire in Chicago this January we tested it out.  My Mother had warned me that canning is time consuming but I didn't truly understand this until we tried it for ourselves.  We spent three days in the kitchen preparing the food, preparing the equipment, and processing the jars.  In those three days, we canned nine jars.  The jars were packed with pickled three bean salad, bread and butter pickles, lemon cucumber pickles, and chicken noodle soup with a homemade broth. 





When I returned to Minneapolis, my Mother and I pulled out her old pressure canner and a box full of glass jars.  She welcomed me to use whatever I pleased, however, I needed to purchase new lids.  My first attempt canning at home was with my friend Phillip.  He agreed to help in exchange for the experience.  To begin, we peeled, de-cored, and sliced eight pounds of granny smith apples.  Next, we made two different types of syrups.  Syrup number one was for spiced apples.  It consisted of water, brown sugar, ginger, cinnamon, and nutmeg.  Syrup number two was for candied spiced apples.  It consisted of water, granulated sugar, and cinnamon red hot candies.  After the sugar dissolved (about 10 minutes) we added the apples to both syrups.  As the apples soaked in the syrups, we sterilized the jars and lids by soaking them in hot water.  We then packed the jars with the apples and syrup, sealed them, and placed them in the canner.  The jars processed in a water bath (no pressure) for 20 minutes.  When finished, we placed the jars on metal racks to cool and awaited the sound of the relieving “PING” telling us the jars had successfully sealed.  






Two days later, my Mother and I gave it another go but this time with tomatoes.  We placed 20 medium sized tomatoes in boiling water for 60 seconds and then pealed the skins off.  Next, we cut all the tomatoes into quarters.  After the jars were sterilized, lemon juice and salt were added to each one.  The jars were then packed and processed in a water bath for 90 minutes.




Claire and I both had a lot of fun canning and we learned some valuable lessons along the way (patients is a big one).  Fresh food is generally expensive in winter so we didn't get to can as much as we would have liked.  However, we plan on having a garden this summer and now that we know how to can, we will be able to preserve cheap meals for the following winter.  Canning is time consuming and takes a lot of energy, however, if it works (all of our jars sealed) it can be extremely rewarding.   



Bulk Food 

To avoid making numerous trips to the nearest grocery store (10 miles away) Claire and I decided to purchase certain foods in bulk.  We used bulkfoods.com because they have a good selection and there is no minimum order.  Our purchase included 25 pounds of brown rice, 10 pounds of dried fruits, 10 pounds of whole wheat pasta, and two pounds of active dry yeast (I bake frequently).  Whole wheat flour, bread flour, baking soda, baking powder, sugar, olive oil, and canned fruits and vegetable are some of the other bulk items we purchased from a grocery store.









Sunday, February 1, 2015

Apples and Bananas...

Dehydrating
1/18/15

This week was dehydration week! Not for myself. I drank plenty of water. My parents and I both have 5 tier food dehydrators, and I employed both of them to dry the pounds of bananas and apples bought previously. When fruit is scarce and expensive during our winter months in South Dakota, a little bit of dried banana and apple will be a nice treat.
Bananas were peeled, sliced 1/4 inch thick, and half were dipped in a honey/water mixture. The better part of an afternoon was spent on prep work, and the bananas dehydrated for 2 days. The total dehydration time was only about 12 hours, but I was nervous about over-drying them, so every time I left the house or went to sleep, the dehydrator was turned off. The bananas dipped in honey water took a couple hours longer. Consequently, the air was thick with the sticky sweet smell of bananas for 2 days. The bananas in the honey water dried a little more yellow and silky than the ones without, with a slightly sweeter taste. Other than that, there wasn't much difference save the dehydrating time, and banana's carry enough sugar in them already that I don't think the honey water is necessary. The entire dehydrator only filled one quart jar and one pint jar... another couple days of a banana-flavored home might be in store...
11 bananas (a whole dehydrator's worth) dried & stored away


The apples were cored and peeled with an old apple-corer hidden away in my mother's cupboard, cut into rings, dusted with cinnamon and nutmeg, and dehydrated for about 4 1/2 hours. What with the apple-corer, the whole preparation process only took a couple hours. Cinnamon-apple smells are so pleasant! Some sources recommend soaking the apples in ascorbic acid or fruit juice to retain color (I presume), but I don't find it necessary. Ten sliced apples took up almost 2 full dehydrators so I hoped for a little more bulk on these than the bananas. When all was said and done, the dried apples filled a gallon-sized plastic bag, and I could have gone a little easier on the cinnamon dusting. But they will be tasty nonetheless.